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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pediatricjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архив педиатрии и детской хирургии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Archives of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-4664</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-6783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/2949-4664-apps-2-3-21-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pediatricjournal-107</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние эпигенетических факторов на формирование здоровья новорожденных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The influence of epigenetic factors on the formation of health of newborns</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-2212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">oor@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2214-1336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаврентьев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrentyev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4757-5576</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксенов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственное бюджетное учреждение Московской области «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственное бюджетное учреждение Московской области «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области»; Государственное бюджетное учреждение Московской области «Московский областной перинатальный центр Министерства здравоохранения Московской области»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region; Moscow regional perinatal center of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow region<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова Н.И., Лаврентьев С.Н., Аксенов Д.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова Н.И., Лаврентьев С.Н., Аксенов Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova N.I., Lavrentyev S.N., Aksenov D.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/107">https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/107</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор посвящен эпигенетическим факторам, связанным с физиологическими и патологическими процессами в развитии плода и новорожденного ребенка. Обсуждены современные аспекты формирования микробиоты и иммунитета, роль лактобацилл матери в репродуктивной физиологии. Влияние переноса микробиоты влагалища на развитие нервной системы и микробиом новорожденных, рожденных путем кесарева сечения. Показано формирование иммунного ответа через Толл-подобные рецепторы. Грудное молоко матери, как биологическая система, обеспечивающая оптимальное физическое и нервно-психическое развитие, профилактику инфекционных и неинфекционных заболеваний несомненный фактор здоровья ребенка после рождения. Представлена роль антибактериальной терапии, применяемой в антенатальном периоде и в первые часы жизни в формировании поздних инфекций новорожденных и нарушении их развития.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review is devoted to the study of the relationship of epigenetic factors with physiological and pathological processes in the development of the body of a newborn child. Modern aspects of the formation of microbiota and immunity, starting with fetal development, and the role of maternal lactobacilli in reproductive physiology are discussed. The effect of vaginal microbiota transfer on the development of the nervous system and the microbiome of newborns born by caesarean section. The characteristic of the formation of an immune response through Toll-like receptors is given. Breast milk as a biological system providing optimal physical and neuropsychiatric development, prevention of infectious and non-communicable diseases. The role of antibacterial therapy used in the antenatal period and in the first hours of life in the formation of late infections of newborns and disruption of their development is presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новорожденные</kwd><kwd>эпигенетические факторы</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>грудное молоко</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>newborns</kwd><kwd>epigenetic factors</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>breast milk</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sokolov P.L., Chebanenko N.V. Options and periods of epigenetic influences on the development of the fetus. Doctor.Ru. 2023;22(3):61-64. (in Russ.) doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2023-22-3-61-64.@@ Соколов П.Л., Чебаненко Н.В. Варианты и периодичность эпигенетических влияний на развитие плода. 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