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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pediatricjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архив педиатрии и детской хирургии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Archives of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-4664</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-6783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/2949-4664-apps-2-4-28-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pediatricjournal-119</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристика анаэробной микробиоты дыхательных путей детей с муковисцидозом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characteristics of the anaerobic microbiota of the respiratory tract of children with cystic fibrosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0606-0747</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тронза</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tronza</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8183-7990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронкова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">voronkova111@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8005-5121</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхуллина</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fathullina</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-0407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratyeva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плоскирева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ploskireva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3650-6121</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трегуб</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tregub</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова»; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Center for Medical Genetics; Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тронза Т.В., Воронкова А.Ю., Фатхуллина И.Р., Кондратьева Е.И., Плоскирева А.А., Трегуб П.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тронза Т.В., Воронкова А.Ю., Фатхуллина И.Р., Кондратьева Е.И., Плоскирева А.А., Трегуб П.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tronza T.V., Voronkova A.Y., Fathullina I.R., Kondratyeva E.I., Ploskireva A.A., Tregub P.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/119">https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/119</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследование потенциальной роли анаэробных бактерий при муковисцидозе и их участие в патофизиологии МВ важно для понимания влияния анаэробной флоры на поражение бронхолегочной системы при муковисцидозе. Цель определить анаэробное разнообразие микробиоты дыхательных путей и его роль при МВ, определить резистентность штаммов анаэробных бактерий к антибактериальным препаратам. Материалы и методы: Исследованы образцы мокроты 65 пациентов детского возраста с муковисцидозом на анаэробную флору, всего взято 86 образцов отделяемого из нижних дыхательных путей. 1 группа без высева анаэробной флоры составила 56/86,2% человек, 2 группа с высевом анаэробной флоры - 9/13,84% человек. Для оценки влияния анаэробной флоры на функцию легких были выделены две группы пациентов - группа с высевом Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 31/47,7% пациент и группа пациентов с высевом Pseudomonas aeruginosa и анаэробной флорой- 9/13,84%. Результаты: показана длительная персистенция анаэробной флоры среди пациентов с тяжелым течением муковисцидоза и повторное заражение анаэробными бактериями, в том числе и новыми видами. Fusobacterium necrophorum выделенная от одного пациента с муковисцидозом имела полную резистентность к 7 антибактериальным препаратам, а чувствительность в повышенной концентрации к 4 антибактериальным препаратам, в том числе к метронидазолу. Присоединение анаэробной флоры значимо утяжеляет течение хронического бронхолегочного процесса, что показано в проведенном исследовании со статистически значимыми отличиями показателей нутритивного статуса - пациенты с высевом анаэробной флоры имели худшие показатели M±SD ИМТ пер 21,5±15,49 по сравнению с группой пациентов без высева анаэробной флоры 35,43±27,96 (р2-3=0,03), ОФВ1 57,60 ± 24,99, без высева АнМ 82,69±23,24 (р2,3=0,036), ФЖЕЛ 67,40 ± 15,63, в группе без высева АнМ 87,62±23,71 (р2,3=0,049)., и в том числе и при сравнении групп с ростом P. aeruginosa и группы с ростом P. aeruginosa в ассоциации с анаэробной флорой - ОФВ1 57,60% ± 24,99 от должн. в группе с ростом анаэробов и 77,44 ± 22,89% от должн. в группе с ростом только с P. аeruginosa (p=0,033), ФЖЕЛ - 67,40 ± 15,63% от должн. против 85,43 ± 18,66% от должн. соответственно (p=0,041). Заключение. Присоединение анаэробной флоры значимо утяжеляет течение хронического бронхолегочного процесса, показана возможная длительная персистенция анаэробной флоры у тяжелых пациентов, необходимо обследование пациентов с МВ в период обострения на наличие анаэробной флоры. Необходимо включение антимикробных препаратов с активностью против анаэробных бактерий в лечение обострений при отсутствии эффекта от антимикробной терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study of the potential role of anaerobic bacteria in CF and their involvement in the pathophysiology of CF is important for understanding the influence of anaerobic flora on the damage to the bronchopulmonary system in cystic fibrosis. Objective: to determine the anaerobic diversity of the respiratory tract microbiota and its role in CF, to determine the resistance of anaerobic bacterial strains to antibacterial drugs. Materials and methods Sputum samples from 65 pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis were examined for anaerobic flora, a total of 86 samples of discharge from the lower respiratory tract were taken. Group 1 without anaerobic flora culture amounted to 56/86.2% of people, group 2 with anaerobic flora culture - 9/13.84% of people. To assess the effect of anaerobic flora on lung function, two groups of patients were identified - a group with Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture - 31/47.7% patients and a group of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture and anaerobic flora - 9/13.84%. Results: long-term persistence of anaerobic flora in severe patients and re-infection with anaerobic bacteria, including new species, were shown. Fusobacterium necrophorum isolated from one patient with cystic fibrosis had complete resistance to 7 antibacterial drugs, and sensitivity in increased concentrations to 4 antibacterial drugs, including metronidazole. The addition of anaerobic flora significantly aggravates the course of the chronic bronchopulmonary process, which is shown in the study with statistically significant differences in nutritional status indicators - patients with anaerobic flora culture had worse indicators M ± SD BMI per 21.5 ± 15.49 compared to the group of patients without anaerobic flora culture 35.43 ± 27.96 (p2-3 = 0.03), FEV1 57.60 ± 24.99, without AnM culture 82.69 ± 23.24 (p2.3 = 0.036), FVC 67.40 ± 15.63, in the group without AnM culture 87.62 ± 23.71 (p2.3 = 0.049), and including when comparing groups with an increase in P. aeruginosa and the group with the growth of P. aeruginosa in association with anaerobic flora - FEV1 57.60% ± 24.99 of the expected value in the group with the growth of anaerobes and 77.44 ± 22.89% of the expected value in the group with the growth of only P. aeruginosa (p = 0.033), FVC - 67.40 ± 15.63% of the expected value versus 85.43 ± 18.66% of the expected value, respectively (p = 0.041). Conclusion. The addition of anaerobic flora significantly aggravates the course of the chronic bronchopulmonary process, the possible long-term persistence of anaerobic flora in severe patients is shown, it is necessary to examine patients with CF during an exacerbation for the presence of anaerobic flora. It is necessary to include antimicrobial drugs with activity against anaerobic bacteria in the treatment of exacerbations in the absence of an effect from antimicrobial therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>муковисцидоз</kwd><kwd>бактериальный патоген</kwd><kwd>анаэробные бактерии</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>синегнойная палочка</kwd><kwd>функция внешнего дыхания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cystic fibrosis</kwd><kwd>bacterial pathogen</kwd><kwd>anaerobic bacteria</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</kwd><kwd>respiratory function</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tunney M.M., Field T.R., Moriarty T.F. et al. Detection of anaerobic bacteria in high numbers in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis. 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