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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pediatricjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архив педиатрии и детской хирургии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Archives of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-4664</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-6783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/2949-4664-apps-3-1-15-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pediatricjournal-137</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты риноцитограммы у детей с затяжными ринитами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rhinocytogram results in children with prolonged rhinitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-7085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачарадзе</surname><given-names>Д. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Macharadze</surname><given-names>D. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dalim_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-2019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руженцова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruzhentsova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-7108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешкова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.Н. Габричевского» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский медицинский университет «РЕАВИЗ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow Medical University “REAVIZ”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Sechenov Moscow Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мачарадзе Д.Ш., Руженцова Т.А., Мешкова Н.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мачарадзе Д.Ш., Руженцова Т.А., Мешкова Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Macharadze D.S., Ruzhentsova T.A., Meshkova N.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/137">https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/137</self-uri><abstract><p>Цитологическое исследование назальной слизи (риноцитограмма) — неинвазивный и экономичный метод диагностики, который может быть полезным для педиатров, инфекционистов, оториноларингологов и аллергологов-иммунологов для уточнения диагноза заболевания у больных с длительной заложенностью носа. Мы сообщаем о данных назальной цитологии у детей, еще не имевших подтвержденного диагноза. Цель работы — оценить частоту встречаемости различных изменений по результатам риноцитограммы у детей, направленных к аллергологу-иммунологу для уточнения причины длительной заложенности носа.Пациенты и методы. Мы проанализировали результаты риноцитограммы у 344 пациентов в возрасте от 2 до 18 лет с длительной заложенностью носа (более двух недель), направленных врачами на консультацию к аллергологу в период с 1 октября 2022 года по 30 июня 2023 года. Все пациенты обследованы в амбулаторных условиях и посещали Детскую городскую поликлинику № 94 г. Москвы.Результаты. По данным риноцитограммы, у 56,6% детей были обнаружены изменения цитологического профиля по типу инфекционного ринита (отмечено увеличение воспалительных клеток — нейтрофилов, лимфоцитов — от умеренного количества до покрытия всего поля зрения при нормальном уровне эозинофилов). У 10,6% пациентов был выявлен смешанный ринит с повышением уровня воспалительных клеток в сочетании с гиперэозинофилией, составившей более 15% клеток в поле зрения. У 28,4% пациентов каких-либо значимых изменений не обнаружено, а у 4,4% не удалось получить достаточного материала для исследования образца.Выводы. По данным риноцитограммы, у детей, обратившихся к аллергологу-иммунологу в связи с затяжным ринитом, наиболее часто выявляется инфекционная этиология. Цитологическое исследование назальной слизи является доступным и информативным методом дифференциальной диагностики в случаях затяжного ринита у детей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Cytological examination of nasal mucus (rhinocytogram) is a non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic method which can be used by pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, otolaryngologists, and allergists-immunologists to clarify the diagnosis in patients with prolonged nasal congestion. Herein, we report nasal cytology data in children without a confirmed diagnosis.Objective. To assess the frequency of occurrence of various cytological changes in rhinocytogram data in children referred to an allergist/immunologist to clarify the cause of prolonged nasal congestion.Patients and methods. We analyzed the results of rhinocytogram in 344 patients aged 2–18 years with long-term nasal congestion (more than two weeks), referred by doctors for consultation with an allergist/immunologist in the period from October 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023. All patients were examined on an outpatient basis at Children’s City Clinic No. 94 in Moscow (Russia).Results. According to the rhinocytogram data, 56.6% of children showed changes in the cytological profile of the type of infectious rhinitis. This included an increase in inflammatory cells — neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils — from a moderate amount to covering the entire field of view with a normal level of eosinophils. In 10.6% of patients, mixed rhinitis was detected, with an increased level of inflammatory cells in combination with hypereosinophilia more than 15% in the visual field. In 28.4%, no significant changes were detected. In 4.4% of patients, it was not possible to obtain sufficient material to study the sample.Conclusions. In children who contacted an allergist/immunologist due to prolonged rhinitis, the rhinocytogram data most frequently revealed an infectious etiology. Cytological examination of nasal mucus is an accessible and informative method for differential diagnosis in cases of prolonged rhinitis in children.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>риниты</kwd><kwd>цитология назальной слизи</kwd><kwd>риноцитограмма</kwd><kwd>назальная эозинофилия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rhinitis</kwd><kwd>nasal cytology</kwd><kwd>rhinocytogram</kwd><kwd>nasal eosinophils</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руженцова Т.А., Горелов А.В. Значение острых респираторных вирусных инфекций в развитии хронической патологии сердца у детей. Эпидеми;ология и инфекционные болезни. 2012;3:42–46. doi: 10.17816/EID40658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruzhentsova T.A., Gorelov A.V. The value of acute respiratory viral infections in the development of chronic heart failure disease in children. 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