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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pediatricjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архив педиатрии и детской хирургии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Archives of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-4664</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-6783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/2949-4664-apps-3-1-61-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pediatricjournal-142</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности течения нарколепсии у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of narcolepsy course in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаертдинова</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaertdinova</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">regina13xr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-4322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трапезникова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trapeznikova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">anka.solomaha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хаертдинова Р.Р., Трапезникова А.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хаертдинова Р.Р., Трапезникова А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khaertdinova R.R., Trapeznikova A.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/142">https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/142</self-uri><abstract><p>Нарколепсия — тяжелое хроническое заболевание, характеризующееся расстройством работы центров сна и бодрствования с преимущественным нарушением фазы быстрого сна. До конца XX века нарколепсия рассматривалась как сложный клинический и нейрофизиологический феномен с неясной этиологией, затрагивающий практически все области регуляции цикла сон — бодрствование. За последние десятилетия в результате развития методов визуализации и инструментальной диагностики удалось совершить значительный прорыв в понимании этиологии, патогенеза и клинической картины данного состояния. В настоящее время выделяют 2 типа заболевания. В детской практике чаще встречается 1-й тип (NT1), который характеризуется чрезмерной дневной сонливостью, катаплексией, развитием паралича сна, появлением галлюцинаций и фрагментацией ночного сна. В последнее время отмечается увеличение случаев диагностики данной патологии в связи с улучшением осведомленности врачей о заболевании. Дети с диагностированной нарколепсией 1-го типа демонстрируют своеобразный катаплексический фенотип, характеризующийся персистирующей гипотонией с заметным изменением выражения лица (катаплектические эмоции) и сложной мозаикой гиперкинетических движений, которые усиливаются во время эмоциональной нагрузки. Эти особенности постепенно исчезают по мере прогрессирования заболевания, что приводит к типичной картине катаплексии. Дети с данным диагнозом также показывают поведенческие аномалии и психические расстройства, гиперактивное/агрессивное поведение, вплоть до психотических особенностей. Также исследователи отмечают, что нарколепсия 1-го типа, возникающая у детей в период препубертата, связана с ожирением и преждевременным половым развитием, что может отражать наличие гипоталамического расстройства, вторичного по отношению к снижению уровня нейромедиатора гипокретина. Сложность фенотипа детской NT1 требует междисциплинарной оценки и подбора терапии с учетом поведенческих и эндокринных особенностей растущего организма. В обзорной статье рассмотрены особенности клинической картины, диагностики и лечения данной патологии в детской практике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Narcolepsy is a severe chronic disease characterized by disorders of sleep and wakefulness centers, with a predominant violation of the REM sleep phase. Until the end of the 20th century, narcolepsy had been considered as a complex clinical and neurophysiological phenomenon with an unclear etiology, affecting almost all areas of regulation of the sleep/wake cycle. Over the past decades, the advancement of imaging and instrumental diagnostics methods has improved our knowledge of the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical pattern of this condition. Currently, two major types of the disease are distinguished. In children’s practice, type 1 (NT1) is more common. This type is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, as well as the appearance of hallucinations and fragmentation of night sleep. Recent years have seen an increase in cases of this pathology, largely due to an improved awareness of physicians about the disease. Children diagnosed with type 1 narcolepsy exhibit a peculiar cataplexy phenotype characterized by persistent hypotension with marked changes in facial expression (cataplectic emotions) and a complex mosaic of hyperkinetic movements that are amplified during emotional exertion. These features gradually disappear as the disease progresses, leading to a typical cataplexy pattern. Children with such a diagnosis also show behavioral abnormalities and mental disorders, hyperactive/aggressive behavior, up to psychotic features. Researchers also note that type 1 narcolepsy, which occurs in children during the prepubertal period, is associated with obesity and premature sexual development, which may reflect a hypothalamic disorder secondary to a decrease in the level of the neurotransmitter hypocretin. The complexity of the phenotype of pediatric NT1 requires an interdisciplinary assessment and selection of therapy, taking the behavioral and endocrinological characteristics of the growing organism into account. The presented review article discusses the clinical pattern, diagnosis and treatment of this pathology in children’s practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нарколепсия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>сон</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>narcolepsy</kwd><kwd>childhood</kwd><kwd>sleep</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stores G., Montgomery P., Wiggs L. Psychosocial problems in children with narcolepsy and in children with excessive daytime sleepiness of unknown origin. Pediatric Sleep Clinic. 2016;1116–1123. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-0647.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stores G., Montgomery P., Wiggs L. Psychosocial problems in children with narcolepsy and in children with excessive daytime sleepiness of unknown origin. 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