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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pediatricjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архив педиатрии и детской хирургии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Archives of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-4664</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-6783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pediatricjournal-220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ТРИ ФАКТОРА УСПЕШНОЙ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ ПЦР ПРИ ВНЕБОЛЬНИЧНОЙ ПНЕВМОНИИ У ДЕТЕЙ: ВЫБОР ОБРАЗЦА, ПОРОГОВЫЙ ЦИКЛ И БИОМАРКЕРЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведева</surname><given-names>Лидия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ординатор кафедры поликлинической педиатрии ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ МЗ РФ</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lidiia.medvedeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Царькова</surname><given-names>Софья Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой поликлинической педиатрии ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ МЗ РФ</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsarkova_ugma@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Царькова</surname><given-names>Софья Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой поликлинической педиатрии ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ МЗ РФ</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsarkova_ugma@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ МЗ РФ</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>220</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Медведева Л.С., Царькова С.А., Царькова С.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Медведева Л.С., Царькова С.А., Царькова С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Медведева Л.С., Царькова С.А., Царькова С.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/220">https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/220</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>РЕЗЮМЕ</title><p>РЕЗЮМЕ</p></sec><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Внебольничная пневмония (ВП) сохраняет лидирующие позиции в структуре заболеваемости и смертности детского населения. Внедрение методов полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) расширило диагностические возможности, однако актуализировало вопросы выбора респираторного образца и интерпретации результатов с учётом пороговых циклов (Ct) и бессимптомной колонизации.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Систематизировать современные данные о диагностической ценности различных респираторных образцов при ПЦР-диагностике ВП у детей, определить границы применимости пороговых циклов для дифференциации инфекции и колонизации, а также обосновать необходимость интеграции молекулярных методов с биомаркерами.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проведен систематический поиск литературы в базах PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library и eLibrary (2000–2026 гг.). Всего отобрано 83 исследований для итогового анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Идентифицированы три ключевых фактора успешной интерпретации ПЦР-диагностики: выбор образца, интерпретация Ct и интеграция с биомаркерами. Показано, что диагностическая ценность назофарингеальных (НФ) мазков для верификации пневмококковой этиологии ВП стремится к нулю вследствие высокой частоты колонизации (40–60%), что делает стерильные локусы единственным надёжным источником. В противоположность этому, для Mycoplasma pneumoniae оптимальными являются орофарингеальные мазки (чувствительность 96,2%), а слюна демонстрирует сопоставимые результаты. Для Российской Федерации критически важно выявление 36–41% макролид-резистентных штаммов M. pneumoniae с региональными различиями; 62% случаев сопровождаются вирусной коинфекцией (парагрипп 28%, SARS-CoV-2 19%, РСВ 12%). Порог Ct &lt; 25 при микоплазменной инфекции служит независимым предиктором тяжёлого течения и требует госпитализации. Для респираторно-синцитиального вируса (РСВ) порог Ct &lt; 25 ассоциирован с тяжёлым течением (скорректированное отношение шансов, aOR 2,26), для метапневмовируса человека (hMPV) — Ct &lt; 27 (aOR 4,32). Прокальцитонин-ориентированные протоколы позволяют сократить необоснованное назначение антибиотиков, однако гетерогенность педиатрических данных диктует необходимость мультимаркерных подходов, включающих гепарин-связывающий белок (HBP), чувствительность которого составляет 82%, специфичность 86%, а комбинация с прокальцитонином повышает площадь под кривой (AUC) до 0,94.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Успех ПЦР-диагностики ВП у детей определяется тремя факторами: правильным выбором образца, корректной интерпретацией Ct и интеграцией с биомаркерами.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внебольничная пневмония</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>педиатрия</kwd><kwd>ПЦР-диагностика</kwd><kwd>респираторные образцы</kwd><kwd>орофарингеальные мазки</kwd><kwd>пороговый цикл</kwd><kwd>прокальцитонин</kwd><kwd>колонизация</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ / REFERENCES</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ / REFERENCES</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McAllister DA, Liu L, Shi T, et al. 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