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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pediatricjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архив педиатрии и детской хирургии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Archives of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-4664</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-6783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66825/2949-4664-apps-4-1-66-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pediatricjournal-265</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль полимеразной цепной реакции в лабораторной диагностике инфекционного мононуклеоза у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of polymerase chain reaction in the laboratory diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4383-8507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павленко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павленко Екатерина Валерьевна, студентка 6-го курса медицинского института </p><p>308015, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Pavlenko, 6th-year student </p><p>85 Pobedy st., Belgorod, 308015 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavlenkoev5@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5540-924X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочарова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bocharova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бочарова Ксения Александровна, д.м.н., заведующий кафедрой микробиологии и вирусологии с курсом клинической иммунологии </p><p>308015, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia A. Bocharova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Microbiology and Virology with the Course of Clinical Immunology </p><p>85 Pobedy st., Belgorod, 308015 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bocharova_k@bsuedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod State National Research University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павленко Е.В., Бочарова К.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павленко Е.В., Бочарова К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlenko E.V., Bocharova K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/265">https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/265</self-uri><abstract><p>Инфекционный мононуклеоз (ИМ), вызываемый вирусом Эпштейна – Барра (ВЭБ), остается одной из наиболее актуальных проблем педиатрической инфектологии. Несмотря на относительно благоприятное течение у иммунокомпетентных детей, эта инфекция требует точной лабораторной верификации для дифференциальной диагностики с острыми лейкозами, стрептококковой ангиной и другими заболеваниями. В обзоре критически проанализированы современные методы лабораторной диагностики ИМ с особым акцентом на полимеразную цепную реакцию (ПЦР) в различных модификациях. Рассмотрены принципы молекулярной диагностики, оптимальные матрицы для анализа, интерпретация количественных показателей вирусной нагрузки и возрастные особенности применения метода в педиатрической практике. Представлены данные сравнительной эффективности ПЦР, серологических тестов и методов прямого обнаружения вируса. Обсуждаются перспективные направления, включая цифровую ПЦР и секвенирование нового поколения (NGS) в диагностике ВЭБ-ассоциированных заболеваний. Представлены результаты ретроспективного анализа 309 случаев подозрения на ИМ у детей, демонстрирующие высокую диагностическую значимость метода ПЦР. Обзор базируется на анализе современных международных руководств и метаанализов последних лет.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Infectious mononucleosis (IM), caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), remains one of the most pressing problems in pediatric infectology. Despite a relatively favorable course in immunocompetent children, this infection requires accurate laboratory verification for differential diagnosis from acute leukemia, streptococcal sore throat, and other diseases. This review critically analyzes current methods for laboratory diagnostics of IM, with a particular emphasis on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in its various modifications. The principles of molecular diagnostics, optimal assay matrices, interpretation of quantitative viral load indicators, and age-related characteristics of this method’s use in pediatric practice are discussed. Data on the comparative effectiveness of PCR, serological tests, and direct virus detection methods are presented. Promising approaches, including digital PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS), in the diagnosis of EBV-associated diseases are discussed. The results of a retrospective analysis of 309 suspected IM cases in children are presented, demonstrating the high diagnostic value of the PCR method. The review is based on an analysis of current international guidelines and meta-analyses of recent years.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекционный мононуклеоз</kwd><kwd>вирус Эпштейна – Барра</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>молекулярная диагностика</kwd><kwd>вирусная нагрузка</kwd><kwd>педиатрия</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>герпесвирусные инфекции</kwd><kwd>цифровая ПЦР</kwd><kwd>латентная инфекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infectious mononucleosis</kwd><kwd>Epstein-Barr virus</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>molecular diagnostics</kwd><kwd>viral load</kwd><kwd>pediatrics</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>herpesvirus infections</kwd><kwd>digital PCR</kwd><kwd>latent infection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaye K. M. Infectious Mononucleosis. 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