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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pediatricjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архив педиатрии и детской хирургии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Archives of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-4664</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-6783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/2949-4664-apps-2-1-24-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pediatricjournal-56</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОКАЗАНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL CARE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хронический критический пациент в педиатрии: микробиологический «портрет» дыхательной системы и проблемы антибиотикорезистентности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chronic critical patient in pediatrics: microbiological “portrait” and problems of antibiotic resistance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3043-8674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лошкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loshkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">loshkova.ev@ssmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0596-635X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солнышко</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solnyshko</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-1895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лямин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyamin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2048-1852</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Люлька</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyulka</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0747-5952</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорошенко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doroshenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7135-7361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2002-7988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евтехова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evtekhova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-0407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratyeva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-2260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шадрина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shadrina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ОГАУЗ «Детская городская больница № 1»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Siberian state medical University; Children’s City Hospital no 1<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Siberian state medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">ОГКУЗ «Областной дом ребенка»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Regional Children’s Home<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области; ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н. П. Бочкова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region; Federal state budgetary Scientific institution Medical Genetic Research Center named after Academican N. P. Bochkov<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лошкова Е.В., Солнышко А.Л., Лямин А.В., Люлька Т.С., Дорошенко И.В., Будкин А.В., Евтехова О.А., Кондратьева Е.И., Шадрина В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лошкова Е.В., Солнышко А.Л., Лямин А.В., Люлька Т.С., Дорошенко И.В., Будкин А.В., Евтехова О.А., Кондратьева Е.И., Шадрина В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Loshkova E.V., Solnyshko A.L., Lyamin A.V., Lyulka T.S., Doroshenko I.V., Budkin A.V., Evtekhova O.A., Kondratyeva E.I., Shadrina V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/56">https://journal.nikid.ru/jour/article/view/56</self-uri><abstract><p>Пациенты, пережившие острое критическое состояние и реализовавшие «синдром последствий интенсивной терапии» становятся «хроническими критическими пациентами» и нуждаются в длительном поддержании жизненно-важных функций организма в течение многих месяцев и даже лет. Поступательное развитие реанимационной помощи с совершенствованием респираторной и нутритивной поддержки, внедрением новых лекарственных препаратов и выработка современных алгоритмов лечения критических состояний у детей привели к улучшению показателей выживаемости среди пациентов отделений интенсивной терапии. Вместе с этим не у всех выживших пациентов траектория заболевания заканчивается выздоровлением и часть детей остаются зависимыми от того или иного вида протекции функции органов и систем. Возникают состояния, требующие длительного поддержания организма в условиях стационара: в отделении реанимации, в ПИТ или в отделении паллиативной помощи. Пролонигрованные инвазивные воздействия, агрессивная нозокомиальная микробиота, иммунодефицитные состояния приводят к перманентной контаминации и формированию локусов инфекции. Периодические рецидивы бактериального воспалениия носят специфический характер, присущий хроническому критическому пациенту. Терапия данных обострений сложна и должна проводиться с учетом особенностей данной категории больных. Авторы настоящего обзора детально рассматривают проблему микробной колонизации у хронического критического ребенка на примере различных патологических состояний, протекающих с формированием хронического заболевания легких. Авторы надеются, что представленный материал вопросы будет полезен для врачей-специалистов как специализированных паллиативных детских отделений, так и врачей, сопровождающих пациентов на амбулаторном этапе и курирующих данную категорию детей с множественной коморбидной патологией в профильных отделениях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Patients who have experienced acute critical condition and realized the “syndrome of the consequences of intensive care” become “chronic critical patients” and need long-term maintenance of vital functions of the body for many months and even years. The progressive development of resuscitation care with the improvement of respiratory and nutritional support, the introduction of new drugs and the development of modern algorithms for the treatment of critical conditions in children led to an improvement in survival rates among patients in intensive care units. At the same time, not all surviving patients end the trajectory of the disease by recovery and some children remain dependent on one or another type of protection of the function of organs and systems. There are conditions that require long-term maintenance of the body in a hospital: in the intensive care unit, in the PIT or in the palliative care unit. Prolonged invasive effects, aggressive nosocomial microbiota, immunodeficiency conditions lead to permanent contamination and the formation of infection loci. Periodically relapses, reactivations of bacterial inflammation are of a specific nature inherent in a chronic critical patient. Therapy of these exacerbations is complex and should be carried out taking into account the peculiarities of this category of patients. For the prevention of chronic critical condition, microbiological monitoring should be carried out taking into account the sensitivity to antibiotics in order to timely antibacterial therapy, and in some cases, antibiotic prophylaxis. The authors of the present review consider in detail the problem of microbial colonization in a chronic critical child on the example of various pathological conditions occurring with the formation of chronic lung disease. These issues should be considered by doctors of different levels of medical care in routine practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>хроническое критическое состояние</kwd><kwd>микробное воспаление</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>хроническая инфекция легких</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>chronic critical condition</kwd><kwd>microbial inflammation</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>chronic lung infection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parfenov A. L., Petrova M. V., Pichugina I. M., Luginina E. V.Comorbidity development in patients with severe brain injury resulting in chronic critical condition (review). Obsaa reanimatologia. 2020; 16(4): 72-89, (In Russ.) doi: 10.15360/1813-9779-2020-4-72-89.@@ Парфенов А. Л., Петрова М. В., Пичугина И. М., Лугинина Е. В. 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